Objective: Due to the increased number of labour INDUCTIONs in women with previous cesarean section, the risk of uterine rupture leading to maternal and fetal mortality is also increasing. In this manuscript, we aimed to review the risk of uterine rupture in labour INDUCTION of women with prior cesarean section.Materials and Methods: Data from 48 reports belonging to the years 1994 through 2015, obtained via a search on various internet sources by the words "labour INDUCTION", "previous cesarean", "uterine scar", "uterine rupture" were used to characterize the risk factors, methods and complications of labour INDUCTION in women with previous cesarean section.Results: The success of labour INDUCTION after a previous cesarean section is related to a history of prior vaginal DELIVERY, the indication of prior cesarean DELIVERY, age, body mass index and ethnicity. The risk of uterine rupture is lower with mechanical dilatators compared to prostaglandins when they are used for cervical ripening. Oxytocin is associated with an increased risk of uterine rupture in such women but INDUCTION and augmentation of labor is an option for all women undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean section. Although some guidelines discourage the use of prostaglandin E1, some others support the use of prostaglandin E1 or E2 for INDUCTION of labor in rare situations provided that the women be informed of the higher risk of uterine rupture.Conclusions: Previous uterine surgery is the most common underlying reason for an increased risk of uterine rupture in subsequent trial of labour. When indicated, before considering a labour INDUCTION in these patients, a risk assessment should be performed based on various parameters. For prediction of uterine rupture, lower uterine segment may be measured by ultrasonography. Individually selected methods for labour INDUCTION should be discussed with the patients since they are mostly associated with increased risk of uterine rupture.